In areas with greater human interaction, bears tend to be more active at night. During spring, summer, and fall bears may be active during the day, usually at dawn and dusk. The offspring remain with the female throughout the next winter and disperse the following spring at 18 months of age.
Two or three cubs are born in late January or early February while the female is denning. Typically, winter dens are 5 1/2 feet long and 2 feet high.īlack bears generally are solitary creatures.Female black bears first breed between three and five years of age most breed every other year. Black bears usually den in brush piles, logging slash or hollow trees, under a fallen tree or under rock outcrops. During deep, winter sleep, their heart rate and breathing drops 50-60 percent, body temperature drops by 7-8 degrees, and they lose a quarter of their weight. Optimal habitat typically includes large tracks of forest with little human disturbance.īlack bears are not true hibernators as they can be roused from their winter sleep. Wetlands and riparian areas are important components of their habitat. When natural foods are not abundant, black bears will seek alternative foods such as agricultural crops, bees from commercial hives, garbage, suet and sometimes livestock.īlack bears inhabit forested areas with thick understory vegetation. Hard mast - beechnuts, acorns, and hickory nuts - are the staple fall food source. In summer they shift to more nutritious foods including berries, fruits, roots, blossoms and insects. When they emerge from their den in spring, black bears eat grasses and other newly emerged succulent plants. The black bear is found in ten counties in New Hampshire.Ī black bears diet is widely varied, taking advantage of seasonally available foods. In the United States it occurs in the Sierras, Idaho and Montana, south through the Rockies into Mexico, northern Great Lakes area, Ozarks, Gulf Coast, Florida, and New England south through the Appalachians to northern Georgia. They walk on the soles of their feet, just like humans.īlack bears range throughout Canada except the north coast. Black bears have five toes with well-developed claws on each foot. Some individuals have a small, white chest patch, called a blaze. Black bears have several color phases most in the northeast are all black with a brown or tan muzzle. Female black bears weigh 125-150 pounds, whereas adult males are larger, typically weighing 200-250 lbs.
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